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Medição da poluição do ar
Os LEDs são usados na medição da poluição do ar de várias maneiras significativas: 1. **Contadores ópticos de partículas (OPC)**: LEDs são usados nestes dispositivos para emitir luz. Quando o ar passa pela área de detecção, as partículas no ar espalham a luz dos LEDs. Os sensores detectam a luz dispersa e, com base na intensidade e no padrão de dispersão, determinam o número e a distribuição de tamanho das partículas no ar. Isso ajuda a medir a poluição por partículas (PM) como PM2,5 e PM10. 2. **Sensor de gás**: Em alguns sensores de gás, os LEDs são usados em combinação com fotodetectores e materiais específicos sensíveis ao gás. Por exemplo, em um sensor de infravermelho não dispersivo (NDIR) para dióxido de carbono (CO) ₂) medição, um LED infravermelho emite luz em um comprimento de onda específico que é absorvido pelo CO ₂ moléculas. A quantidade de luz absorvida é medida por um detector e é proporcional à concentração de CO. ₂ no ar. 3. ** Detecção de óxidos de nitrogênio (NOx) e óxidos de enxofre (SOx) **: LEDs especializados na faixa ultravioleta (UV) podem ser usados em sensores baseados em quimioluminiscência para a detecção de NOx. Nestes sensores, o NOx no ar reage com o ozônio gerado sob iluminação LED UV, produzindo luz que é medida para quantificar a concentração de NOx. Principios semelhantes podem ser aplicados para a detecção de SOx. 4. **Ozônio (O) ₃) Medição**: LEDs na faixa UV podem ser usados para excitar moléculas de ozônio, e a fluorescência ou absorção resultante é medida para determinar a concentração de ozônio no ar.
Os comprimentos de onda específicos dos LEDs usados na detecção de gás dependem do gás a ser detectado: 1. **Dióxido de carbono (CO) ₂) Detecção**: Para CO ₂ Sensores usando tecnologia de infravermelho não dispersivo (NDIR), LEDs geralmente emitem luz na faixa de infravermelho em torno de 4,2 - 4,3 µm (micrômetros). 2. **Metano (CH) ₄) Detecção**: LEDs infravermelhos emitindo cerca de 3,3 - 3,4 µm são frequentemente usados para detecção de metano. Detecção de óxidos de nitrogênio (NOx): Em sensores de NOx baseados em quimioluminiscência, LEDs ultravioletas com comprimentos de onda em torno de 365 - 400 nm podem ser empregados. 4. **Ozônio (O) ₃) Detecção**: Para O ₃ sensores, LEDs ultravioletas com comprimentos de onda na faixa de 254 nm são comumente usados.
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