photodiode

Water purification

LEDs have several applications in water purification: 1. **UV-C LED Disinfection**: UV-C LEDs emit ultraviolet light in the germicidal range (200 - 280 nm). When this light interacts with water, it disrupts the DNA and RNA of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, preventing their reproduction and effectively killing them. This is commonly used in point-of-use water purifiers, water storage tanks, and water treatment plants. For example, in a home water purifier under the sink, UV-C LEDs can ensure the water is free from harmful pathogens before consumption. 2. **Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) Water Purification**: In this process, LEDs are used in combination with a semiconductor material and an electrode in a water treatment system. Visible or ultraviolet LEDs illuminate the semiconductor, generating electron-hole pairs that promote chemical reactions to break down organic contaminants and remove heavy metals from the water. 3. **Indicator and Monitoring**: LEDs can also serve as indicators to show the operational status of the water purification system or to alert when maintenance is needed. For instance, an LED might light up to indicate when the UV-C LED module in a purifier is functioning properly or when the filter needs replacement. 4. **Sensing and Detection**: Specialized LED-based sensors can be used to detect the presence of contaminants, pH levels, or other water quality parameters in real-time, helping to monitor and control the purification process.

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